Seasonal characteristics of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 over Varanasi during 2019–2020

Particulate matter (PM) concentrations and aerosol optical depth (AOD) are measured correlated simultaneously using a high-volume sampler MICROTOPS-II Sunphotometer, respectively. The present work deals with the characteristics of particulate (PM 1 , PM 2.5 10 ) over Varanasi, from April 2019 to March 2020. Daily variation, as well seasonal reveals dominancy fine-mode particles Varanasi region in winter season coarse-mode summer season, which was further confirmed by calculating ratio between /PM ). This discovered be lowest highest winter. Annual mean found 93.91, 111.34, 180.70 ?gm ?3 variation shows relatively higher concentration may due stable meteorological conditions increased biomass burning Diurnal variations AOD were also studied during this period. A large small value represents fine coarse particles. At 500 nm, maximum (1.17) minimum (0.44) AODs December August 2019, There statistically significant correlation AOD. Elemental analysis that fluorine carbon major elements observed selected samples post-monsoon SEM-EDX analysis.